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◆ 類 別：專題
◆ 影片長度：93Mins
◆ 文件大小：698MB
◆ 對白語言：英語/國語
◆ 字幕語言：英文/中文
【簡介】
Hiroshima 廣島
那是二十世紀的一個重要時刻——世界上第一顆用於襲擊一個國家或地區的原子彈投向了日本的廣島，這是一次科學的、技術的、軍事的以及政治上的冒險。
這部紀錄片企圖向我們展示經歷了原子彈轟炸的日本人民的生活是什麼樣的（以前還沒有類似的紀錄片）
時間定格在短短的三週時間，從在新墨西哥的爆炸試驗到最後在日本上空的投下，我們有機會看到當年做出決策的那個房間，災難發生的那一剎那的廣島街頭。故事以平行的線索展開。
本文引自：http://www.verycd.com/topics/120909/
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This is the story
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of the first ever
use of a weapon of mass destruction
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Very recently the weapon we are about to
deliver was successfully tested in the States.
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We've received orders
to drop it on the enemy.
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It is the most destructive
weapon ever produced.
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The target was an empire
with its own secret weapon -
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- the suicide bomber.
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I trained myself
that I could die at any time.
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Bomb away!
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It took about 45 seconds
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from the time
the bomb left the airplane, until it exploded.
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And I think there wasn't a man in the airplane
that wasn't either timing it with his watch,
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or counting, or doing something. I was sure the bomb was a dud. I was sure it wasn't going to work.
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After falling for 43 seconds,
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the time and barometric triggers
started the firing mechanism.
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A uranium bullet, fired down the barrel,
into a uranium target.
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Together they started
a nuclear chain reaction.
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Solid matter began to come apart,
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releasing untold quantities of energy.
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There was a white light in the window.
A flash, white like magnesium.
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The bomb delivered its destruction in stages.
The flash came from
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a giant fireball 300 metres wide.
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I was astonished.
It was a startling light.
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Even if you had your back turned to it,
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you felt the shock go through,
right to the centre of your brain.
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At the same time, any area of skin
that was exposed became very hot.
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Heat. Heat. Such burning heat.
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Temperatures directly below the fireball
were 4,000 degree Celsius.
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The heat rays left shadows.
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Ladders, railings, even people,
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left their outlines on stone and metal.
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Anyone in the open air
was either vaporised,
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or turned to carbon, in an instant.
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At the same time, the flash sent out
powerful infrared radiation and gamma rays.
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These could penetrate walls,
and attack the cells in human bodies.
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Then I slowly opened my eyes,
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and for the first time,
looked in the direction of the light.
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Just at that moment,
a mushroom cloud appeared.
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People who saw this in Hiroshima
are nearly all dead by now.
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There is barely anyone left now,
who can say they actually saw it happen.
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A fraction of a second later
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came a powerful shockwave,
which moved at the speed of sound.
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It turned everyday windows
and walls into shrapnel.
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As soon as the blast hit,
I was thrown across the room.
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My body was flung from wall to wall,
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and from the ceiling to the floor.
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My body was thrown around
like it was a ball.
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Ajet black belt of cloud
came towards me.
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It came from there,
over the lip of the mountain.
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The black cloud
spread between the mountains,
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and came rolling in my direction,
swirling like this.
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Just like that, my body was scooped up!
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It was the blast.
It sent me flying through the house.
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The flash was very brilliant,
and it only lasted a very short period of time.
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It was over in a few short seconds.
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We didn't see any bodies down there,
or anything of that type.
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You didn't see any buildings collapsing,
you can't really distinguish things like that.
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And even if we had been able to,
we couldn't do it, anyhow,
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because there was just a, it was all covered
with smoke and dust, and everything.
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I'm not emotional. I would have first goddamn thought,and I'd have told you what it was.
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I did the job, but I was so relieved that
it was successful,
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you can't understand that.
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Seeing the fires on the ground,
and the cloud coming up,
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then you get pretty distressed
that there's such havoc down there,
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and people are suffering.
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There are no exact figures for the number
who died in the instant of the explosion,
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but tens of thousands of people
in the open near the fireball,
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vanished in a fraction of a second.
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For the survivors,
the ordeal was just beginning.
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Thousand of people
were injured and terribly burned.
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Many were trapped in the rubble.
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Just 260 metres from the bomb,
the two girls in the bank
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had been sheltered from the worst of the explosion by the earthquake-proof building.
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When the girls struggled outside,
they found a vision of hell.
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The morning sunshine was gone,
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the whole city was dark, and shrouded with smoke. The streets were full of corpses.
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The words, City of Death, came to mind.
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There were only dead people.
We were the only living souls.
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It had been the morning commuting hour,
8:15 in the morning.
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People that had been walking the streets were doubled up dead over each other
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for as far as we could see.
They had died immediately,naked, burnt.
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I just asked myself, why?
And could not find any words.
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The two of us just crouched down,
and burst into tears.
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How could such terrible things happen?
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At the communications hospital,
one mile from the explosion's hyper centre,
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nurse Kinuko was blown away
from the window.
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Like so many others,
she was badly lacerated by flying glass.
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I had pieces of glass
sticking up from my body, all over.
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From my head, my face, my body.
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In another part of the city,
Shigei Hiratsuka's peaceful family breakfast
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had given way to chaos and confusion.
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When we got out, we saw that the whole of
Hiroshima had been turned upside down.
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None of the buildings were left.
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Fires were breaking out
in different places all over the city.
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Then I looked around for the children.
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There was my daughter, Kasku.
She was six.
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She was buried from the chest down,
and was wedged in by timber and plaster.
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I tried to get her out,
I was desperate to,
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but whatever I tried,
wouldn't work.
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The fires were moving
closer and closer.
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The flames were at our feet,
and roaring up around us.
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We could not stand the heat
and pain any longer.
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The school building
had also collapsed, in the blast.
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Eight-year-old Takashito Tanemori
and his friends
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were trapped in the rubble,crying
out for someone to rescue them.
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First things I saw, was pitch dark.
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Then I sensed there were several soldiers
above my head,
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moving the debris.
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And finally one soldier dug me out.
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All I remember, was the soldier
clutched me, in his arms,
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weaving through the fires,
between the fires.
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The only place we were able to escape
it was the river that runs behind our school.
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Near the station,
about two miles from the flash,
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Teruko Fujii thought her tram had
short-circuited on the overhead cables,
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and that the whole thing was her fault.
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I thought that I'd caused
some kind of disaster.
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I thought I'd broken the tram
and done something terrible!
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And then I thought, is it a bomb?
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That was when I realised it wasn't me
who'd caused all this trouble.
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First I thought only
the station area was affected.
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Then I saw people
walking towards me with injuries,
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and skin hanging from them.
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Everybody thought, perhaps
if I go over there, I could be saved.
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People to the west thought
the east might be better.
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People were going in
every direction, in total silence.
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Amid all the destruction,
there was at least one miracle.
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Eight-year-old
Takashi Tanemori was carried
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through the burning city
by the soldier who rescued him.
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At last, the soldier reached the river,
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and from the crowds,
the little boy heard a familiar voice.
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Somehow my father spotted me!
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I guess he called my name,
and maybe I responded,
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and I said, that's my daddy!
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And then he stood straight
to the soldiers,
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and then he bowed many, many times
to the soldiers, said, thank you!You are saviour!
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Later on, after we were flying back,
conversation started about,
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you know, the war being over,
as a result of this bombing.
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Despite the number of people we killed,
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we saved multiple numbers
over that from being in a war,
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and being killed, on America's side,
and on the Japanese side.
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That time, there was such
a hatred for the Japanese,
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that the more we killed,
the better off we thought we were,
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because that means
there's going to be less
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that we're going to have
to contend with during the invasion.
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After a six-hour return flight,
the Enola Gay reached Tinian Island.
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The following...
Three, four, 500 people there.
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And when we got out of the airplane,
of course we were all getting out,we're tired
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and I get out, I remember getting out,
carrying my oxygen mask,I'm right behind Paul,
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and then some joker
calls us to attention.
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I got out of the airplane,like I was told,
he pins this thing on my shirt,
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guys are taking pictures of us,I saluted,
and after that was over with.
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I'm back to my duty.
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We've got to go to de-briefing,
by the intelligence people.
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They had certain things to ask,did you see this,
and did you see that, and so forth.
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Confirming that we had bombed
the right target.
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I said, sure.
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Dr Hida escaped from the rubble of
the farmhouse four miles outside Hiroshima.
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After checking on the child
he had been treating,
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he headed back towards the city.
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It's about six kilometres
to Hiroshima from there.
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When I was halfway there, suddenly
a strange creature appeared out of nowhere.
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As it was summer, if it were human,
it would have been wearing white.
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What I saw was all black,
from top to bottom. Pitch black.
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I though it was strange.
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At the top there was something round,like a head. It had shoulders,something like a body followed.
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But it was like it had no face.
It was black.
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The area around the eyes had swollen up,
it had no nose,
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the lower half of the face was just mouth!
It was frightening!
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As a doctor,the first thing you do
is take a pulse.
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But when I took his hand,
there was no skin.
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There was nowhere I could hold.
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So I stood up, saying, please,pull yourself together,and walked around him.
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This person gave a small shudder,
and then he stopped moving. He had died.
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He had fled three kilometres,
and then he died there.
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That man was the first fatality
caused by the bomb, that I saw.
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Army recruit, Shigeru Terasawa,had been
stationed seven milesfrom the centre of the blast.
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His unit was sent to help survivors,
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but they soon
faced a terrible conflict,
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between their compassion
and their training.
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Even now there are things
that I will never forget.
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One is the sound of people
begging me for water.
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In those days,we had been told
not to give water to the badly burned.
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To tell you the truth,we all had these big,
military water flasks on our hips.
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People were begging for water,
but we didn't give them any.
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We had been told that if we did,
they would die straight away.
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And so I didn't give them any.
A lot of people died.
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Now, looking back,
I wish I had given them water.
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Burned, and bleeding,
in the intense heat,
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people were desperate
to find any water they could.
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They fled to the rivers,
to pools, and reservoirs.
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Among them, nurse Kinuko.
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I knew there was a pool of water,
in the back yard of the hospital.
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Lots of people had already got into the pool.
More people had jumped on top of them.
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The people underneath drowned.
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This is one scene I can never forget.
I still dream about it.
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Then came a strange deliverance.
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Dark raindrops began to fall
from the clouds above the burning city.
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We opened our mouths, and drank it.
Our throats were parched,
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but it was difficult to capture
the rain into our mouths.
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The rain had been made
black by ash and smoke
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which had been sucked into
the rising mushroom cloud.
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00:24:49,600 --> 00:24:52,751
When these ashes mixed with cool,
humid air in the upper atmosphere,
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they formed thick, black raindrops,
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and fell back down on to the city.
220
00:25:02,760 --> 00:25:04,671
The drops of rain were big enough to hurt,
221
00:25:04,800 --> 00:25:07,234
when they hit your skin.
222
00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:12,710
It descended in a torrent. Black fluid flowed
where the rain fell.
223
00:25:13,400 --> 00:25:15,755
It was raining black fluid.
224
00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:24,118
What the people
who drank the rain didn't realise,
225
00:25:24,240 --> 00:25:27,038
was that it was highly radioactive.
226
00:25:29,720 --> 00:25:33,156
In time, it would poison many thousands.
227
00:25:53,240 --> 00:25:55,196
On the day the bomb was dropped,
228
00:25:55,320 --> 00:25:59,108
President Truman was still
travelling home from Europe.
229
00:26:01,680 --> 00:26:05,116
On our way back, on the Augusta,
returning to Washington,
230
00:26:05,240 --> 00:26:08,277
we were on the edge of our chairs,
231
00:26:08,400 --> 00:26:12,188
because we expected any day:
any time, any day,
232
00:26:12,320 --> 00:26:14,311
to have a flash from the War Department
that the first bomb had been dropped.
233
00:26:14,600 --> 00:26:19,628
And on August 6th,as we were one day out from Norfolk,that flash came.
234
00:26:23,480 --> 00:26:25,471
George Elsie decoded the telegram
235
00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:29,070
that brought the news
to President Truman on the Augusta.
236
00:26:29,640 --> 00:26:32,279
When something like that came,
we would walk in to him immediately,
237
00:26:32,400 --> 00:26:34,197
we would interrupt
whatever he was doing.
238
00:26:34,400 --> 00:26:37,472
He happened to be having lunch with the crew,
at that point.
239
00:26:40,120 --> 00:26:43,112
I took it to Truman,
who showed it to Secretary Burns,
240
00:26:43,240 --> 00:26:46,198
and to Admiral Leyhey,
and Truman announced to the ship's crew
241
00:26:46,320 --> 00:26:48,675
this great accomplishment.
242
00:26:51,200 --> 00:26:56,320
We have dropped a single bomb
on the Japanese city of Hiroshima,
243
00:26:57,040 --> 00:27:01,318
with the power of 20,000 tons of TNT.
244
00:27:02,080 --> 00:27:05,277
The city has been completely destroyed!
245
00:27:06,840 --> 00:27:12,437
There was cheering, cheering by the crew,and by
the officers,when he read it in the officers' mess.
246
00:27:16,560 --> 00:27:20,473
The Augusta was one of the ships
that was destined for the Pacific,
247
00:27:20,600 --> 00:27:24,718
and would have been involved in the invasion.
The crew knew that.
248
00:27:25,360 --> 00:27:30,718
Just about everybody who was in Europe knew
that they would be headed for the Pacific,
249
00:27:30,840 --> 00:27:32,751
and an invasion of Japan.
250
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:35,878
So they were just as
overjoyed as the President was,
251
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:38,594
that this damned thing is over!
252
00:27:38,760 --> 00:27:42,639
We hope this will be
a warning to the Japanese military!
253
00:27:44,160 --> 00:27:46,958
Come on, boys, we're going home!
254
00:27:48,280 --> 00:27:50,157
He was eager to get home,
255
00:27:50,280 --> 00:27:54,956
because he was sure that the
Japanese surrender would come very soon.
256
00:27:57,280 --> 00:27:58,918
In case there was any doubt,
257
00:27:59,040 --> 00:28:02,589
Truman spelt it out to
the Japanese High Command.
258
00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:07,429
It was to spare the Japanese people
form otter destruction
259
00:28:07,920 --> 00:28:12,152
that the ultimatum of July 26th
was issued at Potsdam.
260
00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:16,436
Their leaders promptly
rejected that ultimatum.
261
00:28:17,240 --> 00:28:22,519
If they do not now accept our terms,
they may expect a rain of war,from the air,
262
00:28:22,720 --> 00:28:26,156
the like of which has never
been seen on this earth.
263
00:28:38,080 --> 00:28:41,277
Late that afternoon, the mayor of Hiroshima,
264
00:28:41,400 --> 00:28:43,994
issued his own proclamation.
265
00:28:46,360 --> 00:28:51,036
The present catastrophe is the result of
a horrible and inhuman air raid.
266
00:28:54,480 --> 00:28:58,871
The enemy's intention is clearly to undermine
the fighting spirit
267
00:28:59,000 --> 00:29:01,150
of the Japanese people.
268
00:29:02,840 --> 00:29:06,389
Citizens of Hiroshima,
the damage is great,
269
00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:10,357
but that is only to
be expected during a war.
270
00:29:11,280 --> 00:29:15,592
Keep up your spirits. Do not lose heart.
271
00:30:04,440 --> 00:30:08,831
The morning after the bomb,
a full-scale rescue effort began.
272
00:30:10,640 --> 00:30:15,077
Squads of soldiers from surrounding garrisons
were drafted in to help.
273
00:30:17,840 --> 00:30:20,195
They collected the dead bodies and
disposed of them
274
00:30:20,320 --> 00:30:22,629
before disease could spread.
275
00:30:27,360 --> 00:30:30,557
The wounded were quickly
taken away for treatment.
276
00:30:33,320 --> 00:30:37,996
Makeshift hospitals were set up,although
there were only a handful of medical staff.
277
00:30:42,000 --> 00:30:45,629
Dr Hida found himself
treating 3,000 survivors
278
00:30:45,760 --> 00:30:47,990
in a village outside Hiroshima.
279
00:30:52,600 --> 00:30:55,797
At first we had no medicine,
no equipment.
280
00:30:56,640 --> 00:30:59,632
There was nothing we doctors could do.
281
00:30:59,920 --> 00:31:04,152
However, we gathered up some things,
and started treating the burns.
282
00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:10,833
Nurse Kinuko had an extraordinary escape.
283
00:31:13,960 --> 00:31:18,351
I don't know whether I was
unconscious for hours or for days.
284
00:31:21,680 --> 00:31:25,753
When I did come round,
I thought, so, I'm still alive.
285
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:29,037
God must have given me strength.
286
00:31:32,280 --> 00:31:36,956
She woke to find that
she had been thrown into a mass grave.
287
00:31:39,080 --> 00:31:43,073
After I crawled out of the hole,
I managed to cross the road,
288
00:31:43,200 --> 00:31:45,668
to get to the entrance of the hospital.
289
00:31:48,520 --> 00:31:52,752
It took me a terribly long time,
as I could not stand,
290
00:31:52,880 --> 00:31:56,156
nor lift my arms,
or move them to the side.
291
00:31:59,640 --> 00:32:01,471
I crawled like an insect,
292
00:32:01,640 --> 00:32:04,473
and finally reached
the hospital entrance.
293
00:32:10,160 --> 00:32:13,789
Dr Hinoki from the pharmacy spotted me,
and exclaimed,
294
00:32:13,960 --> 00:32:15,154
you're still alive!
295
00:32:20,080 --> 00:32:23,516
He picked me up,
and carried me to the surgery area.
296
00:32:30,160 --> 00:32:34,278
The corridor was full of people
lying side by side.
297
00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:47,117
This was where they operated on me,
298
00:32:47,480 --> 00:32:49,948
and removed all of the large pieces
of glass that were stuck in me.
299
00:32:59,280 --> 00:33:03,637
All over the city, relatives searched
the ruins for signs of survivors.
300
00:33:08,320 --> 00:33:12,757
Before midday,
my friend's father came to get us.
301
00:33:18,360 --> 00:33:21,397
But my friend,
who had escaped from the bank with me,
302
00:33:21,520 --> 00:33:23,954
turned out to have a broken spine.
303
00:33:27,840 --> 00:33:32,960
She died a week later.
She was a year younger than me.
304
00:33:34,160 --> 00:33:38,472
I am nearly 80 years old now,
but she was only 18 at the time.
305
00:33:38,600 --> 00:33:42,309
whenever I think of her,
she is still 18 years old.
306
00:33:43,480 --> 00:33:46,358
She was a very pretty, gently person.
307
00:33:57,320 --> 00:34:00,630
- Untranslated subtitle -
308
00:34:00,760 --> 00:34:04,753
- Untranslated subtitle -
309
00:34:05,480 --> 00:34:07,675
- Untranslated subtitle -
310
00:34:13,800 --> 00:34:19,113
- Untranslated subtitle -
311
00:34:20,560 --> 00:34:24,792
- Untranslated subtitle -
312
00:34:27,400 --> 00:34:34,556
- Untranslated subtitle -
313
00:34:35,480 --> 00:34:38,153
- Untranslated subtitle -
314
00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:46,194
- Untranslated subtitle -
315
00:34:46,720 --> 00:34:49,837
- Untranslated subtitle -
316
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:52,434
- Untranslated subtitle -
317
00:34:58,360 --> 00:35:00,954
- Untranslated subtitle -
318
00:35:05,080 --> 00:35:08,675
- Untranslated subtitle -
319
00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:12,713
- Untranslated subtitle -
320
00:35:23,880 --> 00:35:26,269
Three days after the Hiroshima bomb,
321
00:35:26,400 --> 00:35:29,870
despite all the destruction,
Japan still hadn't surrendered.
322
00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:34,871
A second bomb was made ready,
and Truman issued another warning.
323
00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:40,871
The world will note that the first atomic bomb
was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base.
324
00:35:41,160 --> 00:35:45,915
If Japan does not surrender,
325
00:35:46,040 --> 00:35:48,156
bombs will have to be dropped
on more industries.
326
00:35:56,440 --> 00:36:00,672
I urge Japanese civilians to leave
industrial cities immediately,
327
00:36:00,880 --> 00:36:03,553
and save themselves from destruction.
328
00:36:05,560 --> 00:36:09,348
I realise the tragic significance
of the atomic bomb.
329
00:36:10,200 --> 00:36:13,397
Having found the atomic bomb,
we have used it.
330
00:36:14,120 --> 00:36:19,240
We have used it against those who attacked us,
without warning, at Pearl Harbour.
331
00:36:19,480 --> 00:36:21,789
Against those who have starved, and beaten,
332
00:36:21,920 --> 00:36:25,310
and executed American prisoners of war.
333
00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:29,672
Against those who have abandoned all pretence
of obeying international laws of warfare.
334
00:36:32,080 --> 00:36:35,152
We have used it in order to
shorten the agony of war,
335
00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:40,274
in order to save the lives of thousands
and thousands of young Americans.
336
00:36:55,160 --> 00:36:59,915
A second bomb was intended
for the city of Kokura,
337
00:37:00,200 --> 00:37:03,112
but it was too cloudy,
so the plane moved on to Nagasaki.
338
00:37:04,400 --> 00:37:08,393
Desperately short of fuel,
339
00:37:08,520 --> 00:37:10,715
the crew released the bomb,
despite more clouds.
340
00:37:12,080 --> 00:37:15,436
The bomb missed the aiming point,
and fell into a valley.
341
00:37:16,040 --> 00:37:18,600
This time there was no firestorm,
342
00:37:18,720 --> 00:37:22,315
but even so,
more than 50,000 people were killed.
343
00:37:27,680 --> 00:37:32,037
The Supreme War Direction Council in Tokyo
was meeting on the same day.
344
00:37:32,240 --> 00:37:35,118
By now, the Russians had
declared war on Japan.
345
00:37:35,760 --> 00:37:38,194
Then came the news from Nagasaki.
346
00:39:06,640 --> 00:39:10,394
Then, Prime Minister Suzuki
did something unheard of.
347
00:39:10,760 --> 00:39:14,389
He asked the Emperor to break the deadlock,
and make a decision.
348
00:39:16,880 --> 00:39:20,475
Emperor Hirohito told them he wanted to
end the suffering,
349
00:39:20,600 --> 00:39:23,114
and bear the unbearable.
350
00:39:25,920 --> 00:39:27,273
Four days later,
351
00:39:27,400 --> 00:39:29,152
radical soldiers attempted a coup,
352
00:39:29,280 --> 00:39:31,919
to prevent the surrender. They failed.
353
00:39:33,760 --> 00:39:37,912
At dawn on the day that Emperor Hirohito
was to broadcast an announcement
354
00:39:38,040 --> 00:39:41,316
to the Japanese people
that the war was over,
355
00:39:41,480 --> 00:39:45,029
General Anami prepared to end his life
356
00:39:45,160 --> 00:39:47,674
in the time-honoured tradition of seppuku.
357
00:39:57,400 --> 00:39:59,834
His suicide note read:
358
00:39:59,960 --> 00:40:04,033
"My death is my apology for my great crime. "
359
00:40:17,640 --> 00:40:23,510
The war was over.
At last the troops were going home.
360
00:40:25,280 --> 00:40:27,794
There was jubilation around the world.
361
00:40:42,880 --> 00:40:46,668
But then, came something that would
forever change perception of the bomb.
362
00:40:46,800 --> 00:40:52,079
It started in the hospitals.
363
00:40:57,840 --> 00:41:00,957
A mysterious illness began to spread.
364
00:41:01,080 --> 00:41:05,949
I noticed it from about the fourth day.
Of course, it had been there all along,
365
00:41:06,280 --> 00:41:10,159
but I thought people
were dying of severe burns.
366
00:41:13,960 --> 00:41:18,112
The woman who lost her children in the fires,
Shigei Hiratsuka, and her husband,
367
00:41:18,240 --> 00:41:21,676
were amongst those affected.
368
00:41:23,880 --> 00:41:27,873
They lined my bed up next to my husband's,
and took his test first.
369
00:41:29,320 --> 00:41:33,233
When they had taken enough blood for
the sample,they withdrew the needle.
370
00:41:38,080 --> 00:41:42,995
But the blood wouldn't stop.
Nothing worked, whatever they did.
371
00:41:44,720 --> 00:41:48,759
Even when they applied pressure,
he carried on bleeding.
372
00:41:50,040 --> 00:41:53,032
During this time, purple spots began
breaking out
373
00:41:53,160 --> 00:41:55,310
all over my husband's body.
374
00:41:55,760 --> 00:41:58,991
He then vomited
a large amount of brown liquid.
375
00:42:00,560 --> 00:42:04,633
Afterwards he went limp,
and died an hour later.
376
00:42:06,360 --> 00:42:08,794
He had managed to survive that far,
377
00:42:08,920 --> 00:42:11,388
but then even he was taken away from me.
378
00:42:32,520 --> 00:42:36,229
Her husband was one of thousands
379
00:42:36,360 --> 00:42:38,316
who would die from
this new and untreatable condition.
380
00:42:42,560 --> 00:42:47,475
They were rotting. It was necrosis.
There were no white blood cells,
381
00:42:47,600 --> 00:42:50,876
so the blood had no power
to fight against infection,
382
00:42:51,000 --> 00:42:52,877
and so, suddenly, the rotting set in.
383
00:42:53,000 --> 00:42:55,639
In the end, the hair would start to fall out.
384
00:42:56,040 --> 00:42:59,396
When you put your hand
on the patient's head,
385
00:42:59,520 --> 00:43:01,795
tufts of hair would come away in your hand.
386
00:43:05,360 --> 00:43:08,318
It emerged that those
who were worst affected
387
00:43:08,440 --> 00:43:10,874
had been close to the hyper centre,
388
00:43:11,000 --> 00:43:15,516
or had swallowed radioactive material,
like the people who drank the black rain.
389
00:43:23,720 --> 00:43:27,872
In hindsight, we realised
that it was radiation,
390
00:43:28,000 --> 00:43:30,036
but at that time,
we didn't know what it was.
391
00:43:31,160 --> 00:43:34,755
Radiation sickness has become the single
most disturbing legacy of the bomb.
392
00:43:37,720 --> 00:43:41,998
American scientist had always known
the bomb would produce radiation,
393
00:43:42,240 --> 00:43:46,438
but the scale of the after effects
came as a shocking surprise.
394
00:44:15,120 --> 00:44:19,511
Today Hiroshima is a thriving city
of over a million people.
395
00:44:23,720 --> 00:44:27,599
Japan, too, has been transformed
into a prosperous country
396
00:44:27,720 --> 00:44:30,757
that has renounced the use of war entirely.
397
00:44:40,560 --> 00:44:43,950
Although no one has used
a nuclear weapon since,
398
00:44:44,080 --> 00:44:48,073
arguments continue as to the
morality of dropping the bomb.
399
00:44:48,240 --> 00:44:52,472
Was it really necessary?
Could it have been avoided?
400
00:44:56,800 --> 00:44:58,836
The nation had no rice to eat,
401
00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:01,912
people had not eaten
white rice for a whole year.
402
00:45:02,120 --> 00:45:04,918
How could such a country go to battle?
403
00:45:05,040 --> 00:45:09,670
The Americans knew that, very well,
and still dropped the atomic bomb. Why?
404
00:45:09,800 --> 00:45:15,272
It was an experiment!They knew that
the bomb had enormous explosive power.
405
00:45:16,280 --> 00:45:20,273
What they did not know was
how much damage the radiation would cause.
406
00:45:20,400 --> 00:45:23,870
Some scientists thought they knew,
but they had not tested it,
407
00:45:24,000 --> 00:45:28,516
so they made an experiment, to find out,
by testing it on human beings.
408
00:45:29,440 --> 00:45:34,230
The final decision that resulted in
the two bombs, Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
409
00:45:34,520 --> 00:45:38,069
was not made in Potsdam,
410
00:45:38,200 --> 00:45:43,228
it wasn't made by Truman,
it was made by the Japanese militarists
411
00:45:43,400 --> 00:45:47,632
when they rejected any opportunity
to surrenderjust their armed forces,
412
00:45:47,960 --> 00:45:51,270
and save further massive loss of life.
413
00:45:57,160 --> 00:46:00,118
Today there are just a few places that
414
00:46:00,240 --> 00:46:02,117
bear the scars of August 6th 1945.
415
00:46:05,440 --> 00:46:07,795
There are burn marks on trees,
416
00:46:10,720 --> 00:46:14,474
the shadow of a vaporised man, left on stone.
417
00:46:17,840 --> 00:46:20,673
First hand memories are fading too.
418
00:46:22,800 --> 00:46:26,475
Akiko Takakura, the bank clerk,
419
00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:31,230
who had been just 260 metres
from the hyper centre,
420
00:46:31,360 --> 00:46:34,113
is one of the last witnesses
to the full horror of the bomb.
421
00:46:36,760 --> 00:46:40,116
There is a department store called Sogo,
in Hiroshima,
422
00:46:40,320 --> 00:46:43,198
where I stop sometimes for tea.
423
00:46:45,480 --> 00:46:48,711
From the tearoom,
424
00:46:48,840 --> 00:46:51,832
I can see the road from the bank
to the drill ground, where we escaped.
425
00:46:57,360 --> 00:47:00,796
I see old people
walking happily down the street.
426
00:47:01,000 --> 00:47:04,834
Young people holding hands,
and enjoying each other's conversation.
427
00:47:05,200 --> 00:47:09,398
Children holding their parents' hands,
and looking happy.
428
00:47:15,600 --> 00:47:18,797
And I think about those awful scenes
that I experienced, many years ago,
429
00:47:18,920 --> 00:47:22,959
now, and all the people
that lost their lives.
430
00:47:24,800 --> 00:47:29,555
I think to myself, what was all that?
Did it really happen?
431
00:47:37,800 --> 00:47:41,554
Every year, on 6th August,
there are ceremonies
432
00:47:41,680 --> 00:47:44,353
to recall what took place on that day,
433
00:47:44,920 --> 00:47:47,832
to make sure that
these events are never forgotten,
434
00:47:47,960 --> 00:47:49,916
or repeated.
435
00:47:52,520 --> 00:47:58,117
At sunset, tens of thousands of candles
are released on the river in Hiroshima,
436
00:47:58,960 --> 00:48:04,432
each candle representing
the soul of one of the dead.
.
.
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